# Git Cheat Sheet

## Setup (do once)

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| `git config --global user.name "Your Name"` | Set your name on commits | `git config --global user.name "Alice"` |
| `git config --global user.email "a@b.com"` | Set your email on commits | `git config --global user.email "alice@example.com"` |

## Starting a Project

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| `git init` | Turn the current folder into a Git repo | `cd my_project && git init` |
| `git clone <url>` | Download an existing repo from GitHub etc. | `git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git` |

## Everyday Workflow

```text
  ┌────────┐    git add    ┌────────┐   git commit   ┌──────────┐   git push   ┌────────┐
  │ Working │ ──────────→  │ Staging │ ────────────→  │  Local   │ ──────────→ │ Remote │
  │  Tree   │              │  Area   │                │  Branch  │             │ (GitHub)│
  └────────┘              └────────┘                 └──────────┘             └────────┘
```

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| `git status` | See what files changed and what's staged | `git status` |
| `git add <file>` | Stage a file for commit | `git add main.cpp` |
| `git add .` | Stage **all** changed files | `git add .` |
| `git commit -m "message"` | Save staged changes with a message | `git commit -m "Add login feature"` |
| `git log` | Show commit history | `git log --oneline` (compact view) |
| `git diff` | Show unstaged changes (line by line) | `git diff` |

## Undoing Things

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| `git restore <file>` | Discard unstaged changes in a file | `git restore main.cpp` |
| `git restore --staged <file>` | Unstage a file (keep your edits) | `git restore --staged main.cpp` |
| `git commit --amend -m "new msg"` | Fix the last commit message | `git commit --amend -m "Fixed message"` |
| `git reset --hard HEAD` | Throw away **all** uncommitted changes ⚠️ | Use with care! |

## Branches

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| `git branch` | List branches (`*` = current one) | `git branch` |
| `git branch <name>` | Create a new branch | `git branch feature-x` |
| `git checkout <branch>` | Switch to a branch | `git checkout feature-x` |
| `git switch <branch>` | Switch to a branch (newer syntax) | `git switch main` |
| `git checkout -b <name>` | Create **and** switch to a new branch | `git checkout -b feature-x` |
| `git merge <branch>` | Merge another branch into the current one | `git switch main && git merge feature-x` |
| `git branch -d <name>` | Delete a branch (safe) | `git branch -d feature-x` |

## Working with GitHub (Remote)

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| `git remote add origin <url>` | Link your local repo to GitHub | `git remote add origin https://github.com/alice/my-project.git` |
| `git push -u origin main` | Push commits to GitHub (first time) | `git push -u origin main` |
| `git push` | Push commits (after first time) | `git push` |
| `git pull` | Fetch and merge the latest from GitHub | `git pull` |
| `git fetch` | Download updates from GitHub (don't merge) | `git fetch` |

## Common Scenarios

### Scenario 1: Save your work
```bash
git add .
git commit -m "Describe what you changed"
```

### Scenario 2: Put it on GitHub
```bash
git push
```

### Scenario 3: Get latest from GitHub
```bash
git pull
```

### Scenario 4: Start a new feature (branch)
```bash
git checkout -b my-new-feature
# ... make changes ...
git add .
git commit -m "Add my new feature"
git push -u origin my-new-feature
```

### Scenario 5: Undo changes in a file before committing
```bash
git restore broken_file.cpp
```

## Cheat Sheet — Most Used Commands

```bash
git status          # What's going on?
git add .           # Stage everything
git commit -m "msg" # Save snapshot
git push            # Upload to GitHub
git pull            # Download from GitHub
git log --oneline   # See history
```