# Git Cheat Sheet

## Setup (do once)

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| git config --global user.name "Your Name" | Set your name on commits | git config --global user.name "Alice" |
| git config --global user.email "a@b.com" | Set your email on commits | git config --global user.email "alice@example.com" |

## Starting a Project

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| git init | Turn the current folder into a Git repo | cd my_project && git init |
| git clone <url> | Download an existing repo from GitHub etc. | git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git |

## Everyday Workflow

```text
  ┌────────┐    git add    ┌────────┐   git commit   ┌──────────┐   git push   ┌────────┐
  │ Working │ ──────────→  │ Staging │ ────────────→  │  Local   │ ──────────→ │ Remote │
  │  Tree   │              │  Area   │                │  Branch  │             │ (GitHub)│
  └────────┘              └────────┘                 └──────────┘             └────────┘
```

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| git status | See what files changed and what's staged | git status |
| git add <file> | Stage a file for commit | git add main.cpp |
| git add . | Stage **all** changed files | git add . |
| git commit -m "message" | Save staged changes with a message | git commit -m "Add login feature" |
| git log | Show commit history | git log --oneline (compact view) |
| git diff | Show unstaged changes (line by line) | git diff |

## Undoing Things

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| git restore <file> | Discard unstaged changes in a file | git restore main.cpp |
| git restore --staged <file> | Unstage a file (keep your edits) | git restore --staged main.cpp |
| git commit --amend -m "new msg" | Fix the last commit message | git commit --amend -m "Fixed message" |
| git reset --hard HEAD | Throw away **all** uncommitted changes ⚠️ | Use with care! |

## Branches

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| git branch | List branches (* = current one) | git branch |
| git branch <name> | Create a new branch | git branch feature-x |
| git checkout <branch> | Switch to a branch | git checkout feature-x |
| git switch <branch> | Switch to a branch (newer syntax) | git switch main |
| git checkout -b <name> | Create **and** switch to a new branch | git checkout -b feature-x |
| git merge <branch> | Merge another branch into the current one | git switch main && git merge feature-x |
| git branch -d <name> | Delete a branch (safe) | git branch -d feature-x |

## Working with GitHub (Remote)

| Command | What it does | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| git remote add origin <url> | Link your local repo to GitHub | git remote add origin https://github.com/alice/my-project.git |
| git push -u origin main | Push commits to GitHub (first time) | git push -u origin main |
| git push | Push commits (after first time) | git push |
| git pull | Fetch and merge the latest from GitHub | git pull |
| git fetch | Download updates from GitHub (don't merge) | git fetch |

## Common Scenarios

### Scenario 1: Save your work
```bash
git add .
git commit -m "Describe what you changed"
```

### Scenario 2: Put it on GitHub
```bash
git push
```

### Scenario 3: Get latest from GitHub
```bash
git pull
```

### Scenario 4: Start a new feature (branch)
```bash
git checkout -b my-new-feature
# ... make changes ...
git add .
git commit -m "Add my new feature"
git push -u origin my-new-feature
```

### Scenario 5: Undo changes in a file before committing
```bash
git restore broken_file.cpp
```

## Cheat Sheet — Most Used Commands

```bash
git status          # What's going on?
git add .           # Stage everything
git commit -m "msg" # Save snapshot
git push            # Upload to GitHub
git pull            # Download from GitHub
git log --oneline   # See history
```